Appendix 1, Electric Vehicles vs Gasoline Vehicles
By comparing the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), focusing on CO2, CH4(GWP: 21 CO2e) and NOx- (GWP:310 CO2e) of EVs and gasoline vehi- cles throughout lifecycle, we concluded that,
Difference of lifecycle emission between EVs and gasoline vehicle was not huge, although renewable energy sources were introduced. More effect is need to make EVs greener.
Another study in Britain indicated that battery manufacturing cause around 40% of EV's lifecycle emission. Lowering battery capacity is the simplest way to lower GHG. And this is what our motor aiming at.

Appendix 2, Electric Vehicles & Its Infrastructure
The development of infrastructure of EVs is muchly backward than EVs themselves. The number of EVs increase by 39.3% per year while corre- sponding infrastructure only grows by 14.5% in 2017 and the ration of EVs to infrastructure is about30:1. Based on the same growth rate, this ratios will increase to be around 79:1 in 5 years and 210:1 in 10 years. Obviously, charging station will not be enough.Moreover, huge number of state sub- sidies EVs charging stations may locate in poorly selected locations without systematic planning, especially, in China. Utilization rate of these inconve- nient charging stations will remain low. In a nutshell, shortage of EV charging station will hinder EV market growth in future.


Appendix 3, Cost Structure of Electric Vehicles and Gasoline Vehicles
Cost of engine normally make up about a quarter of total cost in economic gasoline vehicles. In contrast, cost of motor in EV make up less than 10% (4-5% in general) of total cost and battery become the biggest cost eater in- stead. In order to lower the cost EVs, the best way is to improve motor effi- ciency rather than to increase energy density.
